During correct inhibitions, fMRI activation was lower in the TBI than CON subjects in regions commonly associated with inhibitory control and the default mode network. Brain activation was evaluated with 2 (mil, civ)×2 (TBI, CON) analyses of variance, corrected for multiple comparisons. Participants completed the Stop Signal Task (SST), a measure of inhibitory control, while undergoing fMRI. Mild to moderate TBI (MTBI) occurred 1 to 6 years before enrollment. Four groups participated: (1) blast-related military TBI (milTBI n=21) (2) military controls (milCON n=22) (3) non-blast civilian TBI (civTBI n=21) and (4) civilian controls (civCON n=23) with orthopedic injuries. In this study, we used task-activated functional MRI (fMRI) to determine if blast-related TBI has a differential impact on brain activation in comparison with TBI caused primarily by mechanical forces in civilian settings. Military personnel involved in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) commonly experience blast-induced mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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